Centipedes Chilopoda All centipedes are... venomous, carnivorous Millipedes Diplopoda These coil when disturbed Diplopoda These have maternal care Diplopoda All millipedes are... Herbivores; have separate sexes These have repugnatorial glands Millipedes The insect exoskeleton is made of system of plates Sclerites Wing balancers Halteres Cerci Appendages at the posterior end; 11th segment of insect abdomen, if present. Synchronous wing control in Large insects Async wing control in More specialized insects; allows for more rapid wing beats Gastric ceca Pancreas Most insects feed on Plant juices Hyperparasitism When one parasitic insect feeds on another parasitic insect This is required for terrestrial life Rapid gas transport One artery in insects dorsal aorta Insect waste product Uric acid Trachael trunks open outside to Spiracles Malpighian tubules For excretion Insects use this to transport oxygen Diffusion NS for insects Fused ganglia Insect mechanoreception via Sensilla Insect compound eyes composed of Ommatidia Complex organ Scolophorous organ Associated with evolution of wings Metamorphosis Diapause Prolonged arrest of dev regardlesss of env conditions Diapause is triggered by Environmental conditions Diapause always occurs... At the end of a growth stage Echinoderms have this unique char Water-vascular system Echinoderms have these growing upon the body Pedicellariae Small calcareous plates in echinoderms Ossicles Type of NS in echinoderms nerve ring, radial nerves in each arm Sieve-like structure that is the intake valve for the water vascular system of echinoderms Madreporite Echinoderm respiration Dermal branchiae and tube feet Echinoderm meshwork of spaces Stereom Asex repro echinoderms Cleaving Larva with ciliated bands Bipinnaria 3 arms w/ a sucker Brachiolaria Brittle stars lack Pedicellariae, papulae These are secondary bilateral Sanddollars Sea cucumbers Holothuroidea These exhibit a return to bilateral sym Sea cucumbers Resp in sea cucumbers Respiratory tree